In scientific discussions in the media the media and even in some scientific publications, words such as theory, fact or hypothesis are often used in ill-defined or even confusing ways. Let me try to show some of the differences between common usage and scientific usage of some of these terms.
1. Fact:
2. Hypothesis:
3. Theory:
In this light, it is painful to read in a magazine such as Nature:
Evolution is a tried and tested theory such as Einstein's theory of relativity.
The evolution of land animals from sea-animals is a scientific fact, similar to that of the existence of atoms or the earth orbiting the sun.
1. Fact:
scientific | colloquial |
An (experimental) observation which has been made repeatedly and in different places by different people. A reproducible observation. | Truth. |
2. Hypothesis:
scientific | colloquial |
An (often formalized) idea of limited explanatory value derived from multiple scientific facts which is often used to predict future observations which are then attempted in order to test the hypothesis. | Hunch. |
3. Theory:
scientific | colloquial |
A mathematical or logical explanation of a large number of facts, incorporating a considerable number of tried and tested hypotheses. Often experimentally tested for several decades if not centuries. Nevertheless, every scientist realizes that even scientific theories only remain true until a better theory comes along. | Different from practice. |
In this light, it is painful to read in a magazine such as Nature:
evolution is in effect as much a scientific fact as the existence of atoms or the orbiting of Earth round the Sun
Evolution is a tried and tested theory such as Einstein's theory of relativity.
The evolution of land animals from sea-animals is a scientific fact, similar to that of the existence of atoms or the earth orbiting the sun.
Posted on Thursday 10 January 2008 - 09:33:21 comment: 0
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